Django Project Structure Explained: Key Folders and Files
Django
Learn how a Django project is structured, from key folders like 'settings' and 'urls' to important files that keep your web app running smoothly. This guide walks you through the architecture of a Django project, helping developers better understand how to organize and navigate their projects efficiently. Below is the project structure that we’ll be using throughout this guide.
Project Structure
- core/:
- settings.py
- urls.py
- wsgi.py
- app/:
- models.py
- views.py
- urls.py
- admin.py
- sitemaps.py
- tailwind/:
- templates/:
- base.html
- blog/post_list.html
- blog/post_detail.html
- robots.txt
- static/:
- css/:
- styles.css
- media/:
- blog_images/:
- manage.py
- requirements.txt
Django Project Structure: A Basic Overview
When you create a new Django project, Django automatically generates a specific structure of folders and files. Each of these plays an important role in how the project functions:
1. Project Root Directory: This is the top-level folder, named after your project. Inside, you’ll find:
- manage.py: A command-line utility that lets you interact with your Django project. You’ll use it to
run the development server, create apps, and perform migrations.
2. Project Package Directory (core): This folder contains key settings and configurations for your Django
project. Inside, you’ll find:
- __init__.py: An empty file that tells Python to treat this directory as a package.
- settings.py: This file contains all the configurations for your project, such as installed apps,
middleware, databases, and templates.
- urls.py: This file maps URLs to the appropriate views. It acts as the "table of contents" for your web
app’s navigation.
- wsgi.py: This file is used for deploying the project to a production server using WSGI (Web Server
Gateway Interface).
- asgi.py: Similar to wsgi.py, this file is used for asynchronous deployment with ASGI (Asynchronous
Server Gateway Interface).
3. App Directories(app): When you create an app within your project, Django generates another
directory structure inside the project. A typical app structure includes:
- migrations/: This folder stores database migration files, which track changes to the database
schema over time.
- admin.py: Here you can register models to appear in the Django admin interface.
- apps.py: This file contains app-specific configurations.
- models.py: Here you define the database models, which represent your app's data structure.
- views.py: This is where you define the logic that handles user requests and returns responses
(typically HTML pages or JSON).
- urls.py: Some apps define their own URL routing by including a separate urls.py file.
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